Robert Gober essays

Robert Gober expositions Through looking into, I come to realize that Robert Gober is an uncommon American craftsman who has contributed numerous restrictive figures to the workmanship display. A large portion of his works are from his creative mind and every day life colleagues. For moment, his figures are as much about jokes, quips, and mistakes of regular daily existence and they additionally uncover the upsetting scenes of youth. In both their substance and creation, Gober's articles address the tedious idea of the regular. This is all to state that a portion of Gober's articles are entertaining; and that their funniness is of a day by day nature. In spite of the fact that there are some undesirable parts of the venture, which he made, has lessened my warmth for his craftsmanship. The sexuality and the coarse symbols act in his craft style give the work of art an ugly, unpleasant appearance. On the off chance that Gober ever gets any popularity for his figures, it is a result of his splendid, unpredictab le thought for the fine art. Gober has built up a one of a kind sculptural practice that joins a considerable lot of the issues fundamental Surrealism, Minimalism, and Conceptualism to mental inquiries concerning the body and our residential condition (Wallingford). With these portrayals, his models commonly investigate the subjects of youth, memory, misfortune and sexuality. Gober's work is about a dream of being an artista dream in which imagination never includes submerging yourself in the larger rationale of a proper language. Depicted J. Simmon, a questioner (Perl). Gober figures to be a remarkable American craftsman who consistently concoct interesting and insane stuff which different specialists could never consider for their work of art. His pictures develop from our regular residential lives and are changed into the most practical items that recognize reality and dream. Basic however loaded with multifaceted nature, Gobers utilizes assortment of body figure and standard craftsmanship in the work of art to depict his critic ... <!

The Sarbanes Oxley Act Dealt With Four Major Issues Accounting Essay

The Sarbanes Oxley Act Dealt With Four Major Issues Accounting Essay What duties did David Duncan owe to Arthur Andersen? To Enrons the executives? To Enrons investors? To the bookkeeping calling? David Duncan owed Arthur Anderson the obligation to do what a sensible representative would do in any circumstance to incorporate an obligation to work with sensible consideration and ability. Not to disturb business, not to contend in business against Arthur Anderson while as yet working for them as a worker or direct demonstrations of corporate secret activities, nor to reveal Arthur Anderson?s private data. Duncan had the obligation and duty to be completely forthright, and do and follow the sets of Arthur Anderson, insofar as they were legitimate, and if not to unveil the bad behavior, regardless of whether this will implicate him. As an expert bookkeeper, David Duncan had a commitment to record, give, and bear witness to data with respect to the financial issues of Enron. Since speculators and lenders place extraordinary dependence on fiscal reports in settling on their venture and credit choices, it is basic that the money related revealing procedure be honest and reliable. Along these lines, the obligation Duncan owed to Enron?s the board and Enron?s Stockholders was to practice the general obligation of execution, aptitude and care of the commonly judicious bookkeeper in similar conditions and watch a standard of moral or social duty. This obligation isn't just ethically right, however it is legally necessary, and emerges from the law of carelessness, agreement, and guardians; required by those in proficient administrations, for example, bookkeepers. David Duncan owed a duty to the bookkeeping calling to maintain and hold fast to the moral code of the calling. These codes of morals are built up all through the expert relationship of bookkeepers, for example, The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, The Institute of Management Accountants and the Institute of Internal Auditors. These codes give rules to capable conduct by bookkeeping experts, and stress respectability, objectivity, classification, and competency. Duncan bombed in his duties to Arthur Anderson, Enron?s the board and investors, and the bookkeeping calling. He didn't keep up his uprightness, objectivity, privacy, and competency. He didn't appropriately follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and uncover Enron?s genuine budgetary status, bringing about an unfriendly effect on Arthur Anderson representatives and Enron?s investors and workers. At the point when he associated Enron with dishonest conduct, he neglected to educate the executives at Enron or Arthur Anderson, his quiet was an inactive leniency to their conduct. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants code of morals recommends that the wellbeing of the customer is served when bookkeepers satisfy their duty to the general population, by and by Duncan fizzled. What are the moral duties of a corporate lawyer, for example, Nancy Temple, who works for a forceful customer wishing to push the envelope of lawfulness? The expert obligations of a lawyer, who speaks to or exhorts examiners, just like the case with Nancy Temple and Arthur Anderson, must join a familiarity with the reviewers proficient duties. Nancy Temple at last owes her obligation to Arthur Andersen as in-house counsel and was will undoubtedly seek after the interests of her customer and in doing so serves the open intrigue best by speaking to Arthur Andersen?s interests. As a lawyer admitted to the Illinois bar, Nancy Temple was dependent upon the Illinois Rules of Professional Conduct. These standards force proficient commitments of capability, steadiness, correspondence, and privacy. Under both the Illinois Rules and the Model Rules, if a legal counselor speaking to an association realizes that an official, representative, or other individual related with the association is abusing the law in a way that is probably going to bring about generous injury to the association, the legal advisor will react by taking sensibly vital estimates that are to the greatest advantage of the association. Such measures may at last outcome in the legal counselors renunciation, however will be intended to limit the danger of uncovering classified data. Nancy Temple, in spite of the fact that not be required to unveil Arthur Andersen?s private data, she could have chosen for cease portrayal of Arthur Anderson?s because of their association in extortion and illicit acts. Under what conditions should a representative, for example, Sherron Watkins blow the whistle to outside specialists? To whom did she owe steadfastness? Despite the fact that touted as the Enron informant Sherron Watkins never truly blew a whistle. Whistle-passing up a part or past individual from an association who has proof of unlawful or improper lead in the association, or direct in the association that isn't in the open intrigue. Whistle-blowing uncovers data that would not be usually uncovered in regular setting. In pretty much every case whistle-blowing includes a genuine or if nothing else an announced expectation to forestall something awful that would some way or another happen (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2008; Boatright, 2000). Sharron Watkins, as an informant ought to have composed the letter to the Houston Chronicle; Watkins composed it to Ken Lay, expressing Were such a warped organization and cautioned him of potential informants sneaking among them, and prescribed activities to make light of, or limit the harm (Time Magazine; Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2008). In the assurance and under which conditions a representative should blow the whistle to outside specialists there are two hypotheses, DE Georges? Standard hypothesis and Davis?s Complicity hypothesis. As indicated by DE Georges? Standard Theory, whistle-blowing is admissible when the organization will do genuine damage, the informant has detailed the danger to her boss however closes it won't be fixed, and the informant has depleted other inside revealing strategies. Besides, whistle-blowing is required when there is persuading proof to an unprejudiced spectator, and a valid justification to figure uncovering the danger will forestall the damage at sensible expense (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2008). As indicated by Davis?s Complicity Theory, whistle-blowing is ethically required when the data gets from the people work at the association and not got through unlawful methods, for example, spying. That the individual is a deliberate individual from the association and are not being held without wanting to or constrained. The individual accepts there is not kidding moral wrong-doing, not a damage. The individual accepts their work will contribute or somehow or another be steady to the ethical wrong in the event that they don't open up to the world (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2008). Sharon Watkins, Vice President and a confirmed open bookkeeper, realized the data was harming, both destructive and ethically off-base, to financial specialists, investors, and workers the same. She did educated her chief CEO Ken Lay of apparent abnormalities in the bookkeeping practices of Fastow?s Special Purpose substances. In this manner, inside the setting of the two hypotheses, she was defended to caution outside approves. To whom did Sharron Watkins owe reliability? Ronald Duska contends that the representative doesn't have a commitment of steadfastness to an organization, and that whistle-blowing is allowable, particularly when an organization is hurting society (Beauchamp, Bowie, Arnold, 2008). Furthermore, since Sharron Watkins was an individual from an expert association as a Certified Public Accountant, she was required by their expert code of morals to report unscrupulous conduct with respect to her kindred experts so as to control their calling, along these lines she owed steadfastness to the general population, her calling and herself. To whom does the top managerial staff owe their essential obligation? Would you be able to think about any law or guidelines that would help guarantee that sheets meet their essential obligations? In the United States, corporate law directs that a governing body must screen the initiative of the firm to guarantee that the enterprise is run accurately and adequately in the drawn out enthusiasm of investors. Therefore, the governing body owes their essential obligation to speculators; they owe both the obligation of care, or due industriousness, and the obligation of devotion, or placing the financial specialists first in their dynamic. Sheets of chiefs are commonly perceived as having five key charges. To begin with, and generally significant, they should choose, screen, assess, and when important supplant the CEO of the firm, with a key fundamental obligation of taking part in cautious, advance progression arranging. Second, the board is liable for sanctioning the company?s overall vision and vital arrangement, when it is created by the CEO and their staff. Exhorting and advising the CEO and other top administrators varying is a third capacity of the board, underscoring the significance of a board?s assorted variety of skill. The board?s fourth duty is to find and assign great board individuals and to assess the procedures of the board and the exhibition of both the board and its individuals. At long last, the board is liable for guaranteeing the ampleness of the firm?s inner control frameworks, an obligation that is presently fortified by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 act was intended to secure investor esteem and the overall population from corporate bad behavior. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act managed four significant issues in corporate administration of open partnerships. In the first place, the demonstration made an oversight board to set and uphold evaluating gauges and control open organization examiners. Second, the demonstration proposed to encourage reviewer freedom. Third, the demonstration expanded corporate obligation, by necessitating that CEOs and CFOs guarantee every occasional report containing the company?s budgetary outcomes. Having information

The Well-Readheads Year in Books

The Well-Readheads Year in Books RJS: Reunited and it feels so good! I’ve called you out of your book cave today, Muffin, so we can talk about our favorite books of the year. I don’t know about you, but I’ve had a killer reading year, filled with squeeing and underlining and OMGYOUHAVETOREADTHIS-ing. Ready to break it down? LH: I am so ready to talk about books I am going to burst. My reading year has been AMAZY. (FYI: Amazy is a combination of ‘crazy’ and ‘amazing,’ which I thought I invented, but when I Googled it, it turns out it’s the name of an Indonesian fried chicken franchise. True story: Their slogan is “The Most Wanted Crispy.” Don’t care I’m still using it.) Anyway, back in June, we did a round-up of our favorites from the first six months. And now we’re going to talk about the second half of our reading year RJS: June feels like so far away, I can’t even remember what I put in that first round-up. I’m not gonna lie, there might be some repeats here, but only because the books are so good that they deserve to be talked about incessantly. In a good way. Not like we could ever be annoying talking about books. Let’s start with the numbers. What’s your year-end total going to look like you, you book-hungry woman? LH: Oh no, a public shaming! I was shooting for 250, but it looks like I’m going to end between 210 and 220. My year got crazy busy, but it’s all been awesome. RJS: I’mma need a minute to wrap my head around how this could ever be shameful. I’ll be landing right around 100, which is where I always land, no matter what I do or how I change up my reading habits. I’ll try not to feel insecure about the fact that I’m drawing on a pool half the size you’re drawing on. On the upside, a HUGE percentage of the books I read this year were great. I remember ending 2011 feeling like it was sort of a “meh” year for books, but 2012 has been radtastic. LH: Fo sho. I loved even more books in the last six months of this year. I’m just going to start spouting them off, starting with The Middlesteins by Jami Attenberg. This is a fantastic unmooshy look at a family, centered around the group’s obese matriarch. I loved it so much. And it’s driving the sales of Chinese food the way The Avengers drove sales of shawarma. Well, close to it. RJS: I haven’t read that one! Seating Arrangements by Maggie Shipstead made me want to tie a cardigan around my shoulders, move to the Cape, and start going by “Buffy.” Summery and fun without being fluffy, it was just the scandalicious, socially satirical read I wanted for vacation. LH: I loved that one, as well. And a few more great debuts that I loved: How To Get Into the Twin Palms by Karolina Waclawiak, about a woman who desperately wants to get inside the Russian nightclub she spies on from her balcony; Love Slave by Jennifer Spiegel, about an office temp in 1995, who writes a column for an alt weekly that details her journey through the possibilities of love; and Shine Shine Shine by Lydia Netzer, which I love explaining this premise is about a bald pregnant housewife who is stuck dealing with her autistic son and dying mother while her husband is on a space shuttle trip to populate the moon with robots. When people say it’s all been done before, I emphatically wave this book. Oh, and The Danger of Proximal Alphabets by Kathleen Alcott, about a relationship between a woman and two brothers. It’s a wonderful book even just saying the title is wonderful. RJS: Co-freaking-sign for Shine Shine Shine. Now, I’m pretty hesitant to say that a book changed my life, but Quiet by Susan Cain re-framed how I think about my personality and gave me a whole new perspective on how I work and how I socialize. Also, Alibis: Essays on Elsewhere by André Aciman is incredible. It technically came out in 2011, but I don’t care. I’m sneaking it in here because I’ve never read anything that nailed so perfectly what it is we’re looking for when we travel. LH: In the nonfiction category, I have to say Full Body Burden by Kristen Iversen gave me chills. It’s about how Iversen grew up near the secret Rocky Flats nuclear facility in Colorado, and all the terrible things that happened both at the facility, and to the area and its inhabitants (both two and four-legged.) Also, Brain On Fire: My Month of Madness by Susannah Cahalan made me feel like *I* was going crazy. Cahalan had a dangerous, undiagnosed illness in her brain that made her start acting like she needed to be institutionalized. Seriously scary, eye-opening stuff, these books. RJS: I burned through Brain on Fire as well, with equal parts fascination and terror. On a much lighter note, I really loved Julie Klam’s Friendkeeping, a collection of essays about making, keeping, and occasionally losing friends. It’s warm, funny, insightful, and exactly what I want from a book like that. And in the books-about-books category, Lauren Leto’s Judging a Book By Its Lover gave me ever so many nerdpurrs. LH: I heart Julie so much she’s so damn funny. Another humorous book I loved this year was How Not To Read: Harnessing the Power of a Literature-Free Life by Dan Wilbur. Dan lists a bunch of reasons why you shouldn’t read another bookafter his. It’s very funny. And it doesn’t really pose a threat to books, because you can’t take Dan seriously. I mean, c’mon he lives in a hollowed-out tree in Central Park, pursuing his lifelong dream to be a house-elf. Or maybe he’s a comedian. One of these things is true. RJS: I guess that’s sort of self-help, like, if you need more free time because you read too much? On a more serious note, and probably the first time a self-help-y book has ended up in my year-end favorites, Brené Brown’s Daring Greatly deserves to be talked about. Really excellent insights, based on years of social work and research (hooray for data!), about taking risks and going “all in” in our friendships, relationships, and work lives. I can’t stop recommending it. LH: I have heard great things about it! I am now going to rattle off a whole slew of titles technically considered as books for a younger audience, but are AMAZING reading for all ages: Shadow and Bone by Leigh Bardugo, The Girl Who Fell Beneath Fairyland and Led the Revels There by Catherynne Valente, Seraphina by Rachel Hartman, Unwind by Neil Shusterman, Liar and Spy by Rebecca Stead, The Year of the Beasts by Cecil Castellucci and Ask the Passengers by A.S. King. I loved all of these so, so much. RJS: Ask the Passengers is the only YA I read this yearKing tends to be my one YA pick every yearand damn. I read a bunch of short story collections I loved this year. My turn to rattle! Megan Mayhew Bergman’s Birds of a Lesser Paradise takes the cake. Then there’s Diving Belles by Lucy Woodcreepy and atmospheric and nearly perfect. Junot Diaz tore my heart to pieces with This Is How You Lose Her. Oh, and The Paris Review’s Object Lessons collection was wonderful! LH: I was going to do short stories next, and yes, Megan was on it! I loved the Diaz, as well, and holy cats did I love Battleborn by Claire Vaye Watkins. We’re running out of space, so lemme throw a few more at you real fast: May We Be Forgiven by A.M. Homes, The Lighthouse Road by Peter Geye, The Dog Stars by Peter Hellerand I just want to publicly announce that the new Kate Atkinson that comes out in April, Life After Life, is SO amazing. Truly, it’s brill, and if it doesn’t sell tons and tons of copies next year, I will eat James Patterson. That’s how strongly I feel about this book. RJS: More that I loved: The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powersa perfectly taut, incredibly affecting novel about the Iraq War. How to Think More About Sex by Alain de Bottonit isn’t so much about thinking MORE about sex as it is about thinking about sex more effectively/healthily/adaptively. Magic Hours by Tom Bissellexcellent essays about creativity and the creative life. Home by Toni Morrisonnot my favorite of her oeuvre but still fantastic, and re-reading all of her earlier novels in the run-up to it was a defining experience in my reading year. I’m sure there are more, but these are stand-outs. My current pick for Early 2013 Release That Needs to Be a Big Fucking Deal is Fiona Maazel’s Woke Up Lonely (Graywolf Press, April). It’s, well, it’s everything I want a novel to be. LH: Okay, my little ginger kitten, to recap: SQUEEEEEEE SQUEEEEEEE WE LOVE BOOKS!!!! That about cover it? RJS: Girl, you know it does. Until 2013, The Well-Readheads are over and out. *drops mic* LH: *fist bump* Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Academic Writing - 1518 Words

â€Å"Invention† or â€Å"Discovery† is the means whereby a writer or orator either finds (discovers) or creates (invents) content. In academic writing or speaking, invention often is thought to begin with research, but students also use invention techniques to help them prepare for research. Invention fosters critical thinking skills, so that as students do their research, they are more open to various problems and perspectives and more able to connect what they learn to their personal experiences and knowledge; invention also helps writers or speakers narrow a topic, clarify a thesis, develop ideas, or find arguments. In addition, once some preliminary reading or drafting is done, invention techniques can help he writer or speaker to refocus.†¦show more content†¦7. Do this each class meeting for a period of time leading up to the drafting stage of a writing assignment. 8. Follow up the group session with a 10-minute writing period. Ask each student to select at least one idea the group came up with and elaborate on it. Remind them the writing won’t be graded or collected. 9. If you don’t have time in class, you can assign brainstorming for outside work and grade the quantity (but never the quality) of their work. Have students brainstorm a list of ideas about the topic for at least 10 minutes and then write for one hour elaborating on the ideas on the list without stopping. Students may find this exhausting; they may discard most of what they write. However, they will discover ideas about the topic that they never knew they had. This should take 20-30 minutes of class time. You can cut the time by omitting the follow-up. Don’t cut the brainstorming to less than 10 minutes, however, because students need at least that much time to warm up and push themselves to think more deeply and reflectively. For a handout on Brainstorming geared to students, see the University Writing Center online handouts. Focused Freewriting One of the best ways to get inexperienced writers used to the idea of writing is freewriting, which is writing without judgment or limits (except for time). The theory behind freewriting is that the writer’s conscious mind may be inhibiting ideas. While this theory isShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Academic Writing On Research Writing1732 Words   |  7 PagesCredibility in Research Writing Introduction There are different styles of scholarly writing and each of the writing has certain format that students will have to follow for their field of study. Research paper is one of the writing that students will encounter in their major classes. In my past Child Development class, especially CHDV 123 writing research paper was required in the class. After writing the literature review about observation and how the observer have to be sure that the informationRead More Writing the Academic Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesWriting the Academic Essay For many high school students, the academic essay is an unforgiving monster that terrorizes their campus, a nightmarish beast that can rip the heart out of G.P.A.s and dash all hopes for college admission. Yet, others tame this friend with ease, bending its cruel will to theirs as if it was nothing, as if they possessed a secret weapon. Well, guess what? They do! Successful essayists succeed because they are armed with the exact knowledge of what an essay isRead MoreReflection Of Academic Writing889 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Over the last 12 weeks, I have learnt many things in term of academic writing. At first, I do not truly believe I would like this course. As much as I can remember, I am not interested in learning how to write formally and academically. The only reason I forced myself to learn it is because formal writing skill is one of the mandatory skill I need to acquire if I want my study abroad time to be successful. Therefore, my decision to participate in this course is not willing but itRead MoreThe Discipline Of Academic Writing944 Words   |  4 Pages In English 1310 I learned the discipline of academic writing. I learned various tactics that are not only critical when presenting my argument, but that will also enhance the way audiences receive my ideas. Through the critique of the work of authors, followed by my own, I gained a valuable tool that will not only help me in English 1310, but also for the rest of my life. Some of the things that I had learned were the ability to persuade through the use of rhetoric, I learned the importance ofRead MoreAcademic Writing Styles537 Words   |  2 PagesAcademic writing Proper academic writing should demonstrate the students understanding of the subject at hand. (Elton, 2010) adds that because academic writing may defer from discipline to discipline, instructors in schools have a duty to express their expectations of students’ writing while students on the other hand should act on it. Academic writing is logical The student’s work needs to have a introduction, the body and the conclusion. The introduction gives a background to the topic andRead MoreThe Importance Of Academic Writing1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe academic writing process has been around for ages, so the attributes that a scholarly piece, such as this one, must possess in order to be efficient are no secret. All academic pieces of writing must have a mix of the following qualities: objectivity, accuracy, and complexity. These attributes must remain intact and must not waiver throughout each step of the writing process. This very process that forces students to set creativity aside is proposed to assist in critical thinking skills, writingRead MoreWhat Are Academic Writing?887 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is academic writing? That is difficult question due to the fact that there is no sole factor but rather a series of elements that intertwine together that create an academic piece of writing. Throughout my academic experi ence I would highlight three main elements that are crucial to any piece of academic writing: (1) knowledge of the topic discussed, (2) writing styles, and (3) a clear objective of what conclusions the information gathered has provided. In this paper, I will compare and contrastRead MoreImproving The Quality Of Academic Writing997 Words   |  4 PagesThis semester of English 150 has redefined the quality of academic writing and has taught me that writing is more than just a task with a checklist, it’s a constant work in process that allows expression of belief and ideas. The purpose of this course is to better prepare students to compose essays for an array of academic purposes throughout college and into their career. Throughout the semester, students taking this course have learned to conduct research, identify acceptable sources, analyze sourcesRead MoreMy Writing For Academic Success1114 Words   |  5 PagesA learner’s ability to communicate effectively through writing to his/her target audiences is a major prerequisite for academic success. It is also a major pillar of success in one’s career across all areas of practice. Even though, writing clearly is critical to one’s academic and career success, I have not always loved writing. In fact, for a long time I despised writing. At one point, I had a feeling that my writings skills were bound to remain stagnated throughout my life. However, time has provenRead MoreAcademic Prose Vs. Writing873 Words   |  4 Pages Over the past eight weeks, this course has required me to write more academic prose than I have at any time outside of high school. While my job has required writing long documents, they are almost always persuasive or technical documents. I now reflect on my daily reading and writing in a different way as a result of this class. I can see how I have grown even from the first week to today. In each of the assignments below I can see my own growth and learning. When I read my first essay again

Analysis Of John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums

Comparative Essay In â€Å"Chrysanthemums† john Steinbeck, the author, focuses on Elisa Allen, one of the main characters. She is presented as weak in that her daily activity consisted of tending her garden of chrysanthemums; Steinbeck focuses on how they provide insight into Elisa and how she relates to them, religiously. He implies that even though she fits a weak character, there are places in the narrative at the beginning that suggest some strong points and her longing towards the end. There are a number of inferences that Steinbeck clearly illustrates how she is presented as weak and should therefore be discussed. The story the Chrysanthemums by the author John Steinbeck has a lot of similarities to the book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† that is by the same author. First, the loneliness of crook appeared with Elisa in the short story, second is the hope of George and Elisa, finally is when loneliness can disappeared if there is someone can help Lennie and Elisa. Loneliness is the wor st feeling ever. Loneliness is when nobody likes you, and nobody cares a little about you, and leaves you alone like an animal. That what crooks felt in Of Mice and Man. Crooks do not talk to the other men and they do not talk to him. This causes the greatest amount of loneliness in Crooks out of all the characters. The other workers on the ranch take place in fun activities, such as horseshoes and card games. Crooks never get invited to play, because he is a black guy. â€Å"A guy goes nuts if heShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums 1532 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s short story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† shows a time when women are controlled and restrained to a traditional lifestyle. It portrays a struggle for equality that is played out through the eyes of the third person narrator. In telling the story, the narrator depicts the story through speech, actions and appearances of the main character, Elisa. 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This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically feministic.â⠂¬  The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Chrysanthemums1139 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Chrysanthemums The short story The Chrysanthemums gives insight into the life of its author. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. The locale of the story is of key resemblance to the Salinas in which Steinbeck was born and bread. Salinas was a typical American small town, [differing] only in location and a few distinctive features (McCarthy 3). The protagonist of this story, Elisa Allen, also resembles Steinbecks first wife. 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The Chrysanthemums has been a rather powerful draw for scholars because of its wide gap for interpretations and analysis of its main protagonist character, Elisa Allen and also the unique descriptions used to portray the deeper meaning behind the setting of the story. Themes of sexuality, oppression of women, as well as other numerous types of conflict portrayed in this rather somberRead MoreJohn Steinbeck2062 Words   |  9 Pagesminiature versions of books or novels, where an author takes a tale and crams it into a ten to twenty page story. John Steinbeck is not only a well-known novelist, but also writes short stories like â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"Flight†. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysthemums† Elisa Allen is married to a negligent ranch owner. While her husband works on the ranch, Elisa tends to her chrysanthemum garden daily. One day while tending to her garden, a charming tinker man pulls up to her in his wagon and tries toRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 Pages| noun | literature that emphasizes a specific geographic area that reproduces the speech, behavior, and attitudes of the people who live in that region | sibilant | adjective | of, characterized by, or producing a hissing sound like that of (s) or (sh): | tableau | noun | a vivid or graphic description: The movie was a tableau of a soldiers life; a striking incidental scene, as of a picturesque group of people | tall-tale | noun | an outrageously exaggerated, humorous story that

Sunshine Chapter 28 Free Essays

He dealt in rare and valuable objects. She was hoping she’d got him, or soon would. What kind of rare and valuable objects? Con shrugged again, gently. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 28 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anything he could buy and sell. Jewelry, bric-a-brac, other ornaments. Small things mostly. Sometimes paintings, sculpture, larger furniture. He was very clever at it. I thought of his earth-place, and wondered if he was plugging in his master in the necessary role of human father. I wondered if his earth-place was anywhere near the lake. I wondered if vampires also felt that the best lies stick as near to the truth as possible, because it’ll be easier remembering later what you said. I wondered if vampires really shrugged, or if this was verisimilitude, like having a father. He did it pretty well. The cross-examination went on. I wondered how much Con knew about human law; he could protest being held without explanation, he could protest the questioning. Perhaps he didn’t want to. Perhaps staying human was enough of an effort, and he wasn’t going to make waves. Perhaps he didn’t mind. He certainly gave no impression of minding. I told myself that he was a vampire, and vampires don’t give the impression of minding things, perhaps even when they are pretending to be human. It didn’t occur to me that I might protest being held without explanation. I didn’t want to encourage them to think about why they might want to hold me. It seemed to me they had too many good choices. But with a sudden cold drench of antidisintegration fear I wondered what time it was. How long had we been – occupied with Bo and his gang? It had still been deep dark when we’d run through those doors and straight into the SOF div waiting, presumably inadvertently, for us; but which end of the night was that deep dark? And how long had we been here? When was sunrise? When the goddess started asking me questions I had to come back a long way to focus on her words, to try to answer her. I was too shattered to be frightened at the same time as I was too shattered to be anything but frightened: to be able to think of a story to tell her, since I couldn’t tell her the truth. In theory I had a lot less to lose than Con, but it didn’t feel like it. I mean, all I’d done was destroy some vampires. Maybe I hadn’t gone through the proper channels, but nailing vampires is always a plus. She should pin a medal on me. I didn’t think she was going to. Watch your back, Sunshine. When Con and I had planned our confrontation with Bo, we hadn’t thought about what happened after. Well, he may have, but if he had, he hadn’t let me in on it. He wasn’t a big talker. Also, after Bo, assuming that there was an after Bo, our reason for alliance was over; he probably hadn’t thought there was anything to discuss. I sure hadn’t thought about needing a good cover story. Who investigates the extermination of vampires? If we escaped, we’d’ve escaped, and it’d be over with. Of course we hadn’t planned on blowing up No Town. The thought returned: after Bo, if there was an after Bo, there would be no reason for Con and me to have anything more to do with each other. The goddess was talking to me. Yes, Mr. Connor and I had met five months ago, during my – our – involuntary incarceration at the lake. No, I hadn’t mentioned him before. Yes, perhaps I should have: but I had wanted to forget everything about that time, and I had not guessed I would meet him again. No, our meeting tonight was not planned, but no doubt it had something to do with our being drawn back, together, by the vampire we had escaped from those months ago. With crushing scorn the goddess declared, People don’t escape from vampires. I had my one great moment then. I said that I guessed the vampire must have planned for us to escape, because it wanted to pull us back again later, after we thought we were safe. Even the goddess had to pause. I didn’t think vampires played cat and mouse with their victims to such an extent as to let them run around loose for several months before putting a paw over them again, but vampires are indisputably unpredictable. And it maybe made a sort of teeny sense out of my com-system-exploding habits. Then how, she said between her teeth, do you explain how you escaped this time? All due respect, ma’am, said Pat, crisp and formal, not sounding like Pat at all, Some big sucker gang war, obviously. These two in the wrong place at the wrong time. Might explain how they got away last time too; some kind of sting, maybe. And why didn’t we know about a gang war important enough to raze better than a third of No Town? snarled the goddess. Don’t know, ma’am, said Pat, but we’re going to find out. The goddess’ next few questions to me were positively gentle. No, I couldn’t remember how I – how we’d – escaped, five months ago. I didn’t precisely remember that we’d escaped at all. The entire experience was very blurred in my memory. Shock no doubt. Ask Pat. I’d told him as much as I remembered. I guessed I remembered even less now. She didn’t ask Pat. She’d read the file. She didn’t mention the other night, and the circumstances under which I’d met her the first time. This should have felt like a respite. It didn’t. She turned back to Con. What did he remember of the two days he’d spent chained up in the house by the lake? Or perhaps it had been more than two days in his case? No, he didn’t remember it very well either. He thought it might have been longer than two days. He thought he remembered the young lady being brought in after him. He had been hiking, and had planned to be away from home for some time anyway. No, he didn’t remember precisely how long he was gone. He had spent several days after he returned in something of a daze. He lived alone and had, thanks to his father’s bequest, few responsibilities. No one had missed him. He had contacted no one after his ordeal. No, he apologized, it had not occurred to him to make a report to SOF either. He understood he should have. He would be happy to make a full report now, yes, but there wasn’t much report to give. He remembered so little. No, it hadn’t put him off living by the lake. He lived by a different part of the lake. And where was that again? On the southwest side. Near No Town. Not very near. The goddess let this pass, maybe because it was true. But then she began on this evening’s events. Con was very sorry, but he didn’t remember them clearly either. The notorious vampire glamour, he suggested, had confused him. He must remember something. He remembered standing at his front door, breathing the autumn-scented air, and watching the sun set. He must remember more than that. Con paused and looked thoughtful. He did this very well: understated but clear. Like the tone of his voice: not inscrutable vampire but reserved human male. Reticent as opposed to undead. He could have a great future in the theater, so long as no one expected him to do matinees. He remembered a great deal of confusion, and fear, and pain, and er – blood. He touched his blood-stiffened hair apologetically. And explosions. At some point he discovered Miss Seddon there with him amid the – er – uproar. He did not remember any other humans present, but he had not been looking for them. He had been looking for a way out, as had Miss Seddon. Naturally. Con closed his eyes momentarily at this point. I almost wanted to tell him not to overdo it. Naturally, said the goddess dryly. Mr. Connor, you seem to be taking all the uproar, as you put it, very calmly. Con spread his hands, and smiled faintly. He smiled. Really. It is over now, he said. What would you have me do? I would have you tell me the truth! she shouted. I jumped in my seat. I hadn’t been watching her. I’d been watching Con, and the window blind. It was hard to see much; the blind was closed, the proofglass behind it would dull any light trying to come through it, and the goddess’ office was brightly lit. But I was pretty sure the corners of the windows were a paler gray than they’d been when we came in. I looked at the goddess. I tried to look into the glaring shadows on her face, but I was very tired, and the shadows were layers thick. I could see nothing through them except more shadows. My head throbbed. But I could see her eyes. I didn’t like what I saw. She couldn’t have guessed, could she? She couldn’t. What was there in some secret SOF archive? About vampires? About vampire-human alliances? Watch your back, Sunshine. Why would she be watching me? What was there in my file that had caught her eye? Something important enough to lay a fetch on me for? Something she had, after all, picked up during her illegal troll of me the night we met? Was she trolling me now? My head hurt so much I couldn’t tell how much of it was her godsawful aura and how much was†¦just the way I was feeling. Had she tried to troll Con? If she had – no, wait, she couldn’t’ve or he’d be staked and beheaded by now – okay, even if he had blocked her – what might the block tell her? Wouldn’t a vampire block look – taste, smell, whatever – different than a human one? Or did Con’s passing include the shape of his mind to a mind search? But being able to block a mind search was illegal too. Ordinary humans couldn’t do it. Which meant anyone who did wasn’t an ordinary human. And if you know something, you know it, even if you got that knowledge by proscribed means. Like by trolling without authority. It wasn’t my back that needed watching at this moment. It was Con’s. As well as his front, sides, top, bottom, and any other attached bits. I stared at the window. In the lower corner nearer me there was a tiny gap where the blind didn’t fit true. I was sure I could see light coming in. The goddess had her back to the window. She had a huge desk – of course – that sprawled in front of it, but it was a big room, and there was plenty of space for her minions and Pat and his lot plus Con and me. Her desk was empty. Even her com gear was all shut away in a wall closet; I knew this because one of her vassals folded the doors back and sat down in front of it. There was a lot of it; it looked like it would take up the entire wall if the doors were pushed back all the way. I was glad I wasn’t a techie. If I’d understood any of what I could see, I would have been even more jittery than I already was. There were now fifteen of us. She’d only had three flunkies when we entered, but when it turned out she wasn’t going to be able to get rid of Pat one of them muttered into her wire and four more people had entered almost as soon as she’d finished speaking, marching nearly in lockstep. The goddess must keep them in a cupboard right outside her door for those moments when she needed to oppress a situation quickly. Maybe she chose people who wanted to spend their off-duty hours folded up in a drawer too, the better for rapid retrieval. We faced each other over her desk, them and us. Con and I sat in two chairs about six feet apart. Pat, keeping up the pretense that we were under defensive surveillance, had a pair of people behind each of our chairs. He leaned against the wall behind us, but off to one side, nearer Con; I could see him out of the corner of my eye without turning my head. His wire squeaked at him periodically; occasionally he muttered back. Once I saw him jerk his head up and stare at us – Con or me, I couldn’t tell – after some very agitated squeaking. I wondered what his field people might be telling him about what they were finding in the remains of No Town. I wasn’t used to seeing Pat wearing a wire. He hadn’t any time I’d seen him at Charlie’s. He hadn’t when I visited his office downstairs here. He hadn’t even when we drove out to the lake. The wire made him look a lot more threatening. More like a regular member of SOF, the huge na tional agency dedicated to protecting humans against the Other threat, which as one of its minor local operations had planted an illegal fetch on me. Even with a wire, Pat wasn’t nearly as threatening as a vampire. Or as the goddess. Several of the flunkies’ wires squeaked at them too. I saw them glancing at each other worriedly. Perhaps they always looked worried. Being the goddess’ flunky can’t have been an easy job, even if you have the personality for it. The goddess paraded up and down behind her desk, occasionally leaning on it for emphasis, occasionally coming round to the front to sit on the edge and stare at us. She ignored everyone else. I thought I saw her glance at the window too. Okay, I could make a dive for Con the moment she touched the blind, but that would give two things away simultaneously: what he was. And what I could do. The air in the room seemed to press against my skull like a tightening vise. Maybe it was just the goddess. I looked at my hands. I thought I could see tiny filaments of green or black running up the backs of them, running up my arms, like gangrene spreading from the site of infection. I couldn’t see any sign of the golden web, even though the blanket wrapped around me had rubbed a lot of the blood off. I could see only green and black. Death as an infection. The infection had begun five months ago. Maybe I’d already died back at Bo’s headquarters – perhaps when the scar on my breast reopened – and it hadn’t quite caught up with me yet. Maybe Con had delayed the inevitable by making me – offering me his blood to drink. Undead blood was used to keeping dead people moving, after all. So maybe it didn’t matter if I gave myself away. I was worm fodder as soon as the green and black filaments reached my beating heart. It did matter. I would be giving Con away too. I’m very sorry, Con was saying to the goddess. I know how thin my story sounds. But there is nothing else to tell you. It was all very baffling to me – to Miss Seddon and me – too. There was a little silence. I set my tea mug down on the floor, and groped in my pocket for my little knife, the knife that glowed with daylight even in the dark, the knife that burned Con if he touched it. I held it a moment before I pulled it out, wondering if I was dead – not undead, Con promised me I couldn’t be turned, just dead, a new form of zombie perhaps, which would explain why my brain was refusing to work properly, why nothing seemed quite real, not even my fear. A zombie’s brain always goes first, while sometimes their hearts go on beating. If I was dead, perhaps I couldn’t save Con from the daylight any more either. The knife was warm in my hand. Body heat. But zombies are usually cool. Like all the undead. My knife was warm like the touch of a friend, against my gangrenous hand. Suddenly there were tears in my eyes. Do zombies weep? I pulled the knife out. I made all the effort I was capable of, to be here, to be present, in this room, with Con and Pat and the goddess of pain. â€Å"Pardon me,† I said. â€Å"I want to return your knife before I – er – forget.† I should have said something about why I was remembering now rather than at some other moment, why I had Mr. Connor’s knife in the first place, but I couldn’t think of anything. I was at the end of my thinking. It was taking all my energy to be here. And I didn’t know that it would work. It was merely the only thing I could imagine to try. Con turned toward me. He almost forgot to be human. When I tossed him the knife his hand moved toward where it was going to be†¦I felt him check himself. He plucked the knife out of the air a little too neatly, but not impossibly so. Not inhumanly. He caught it, and closed his fingers around it, rested his hand on his knee. The knife had disappeared. If there was anything to see as it burned him, if it burned him, if it was still full of daylight – of my sunshine – no one in the room would see. He set his tea mug down, so he still had one hand free. â€Å"Thank you,† he said, and turned back to the goddess as if for her next question. We had our one bit of luck then. There was a wire-squeak so momentous, apparently, that one of the goddess’ minions risked whispering it to her, and she was distracted, perhaps, from this curious business of Mr. Connor’s knife. She wasn’t very happy about whatever news the minion gave her, whatever it was. Then she sighed, elaborately, as if releasing tension. As if asking everyone in the room to relax. I didn’t relax. Con didn’t, but then he was never relaxed, any more than he was ever tense. He was just there. Pat didn’t relax. I couldn’t see any of the rest of us. The minions didn’t relax. I’m sure there is a regulation in their contract that forbids them to relax. The goddess looked around at us and smiled. It wasn’t a very good smile. If I had to choose, I would say Con did it better. â€Å"Well,† she said. â€Å"It has been a long night and everyone will be better for a rest. And you two warriors† – she tried to make this sound unironical, but she failed – â€Å"according to the latest report, have been a part of the destruction of a major vampire sanctum – perhaps an instrumental part of that destruction. You must forgive what may appear to be my excessive zeal here tonight; but occurrences like this are rare, and SOF must know as much as possible about any event concerning the Others, especially the darkest of the Others, to be as effective as we can be. And we have found, over and over again, that the sooner we speak to any and all witnesses, the better. â€Å"I would appreciate it if you would return, later, when you are rested, and fill out formal statements, which we can keep on file. I would also appreciate it if you would make yourselves available for further discussion, at some future time. Occasionally it has happened that witnesses do remember later what they were too shaken to comprehend at the time; perhaps as we learn more about what happened, some detail we can describe to you will loosen something in your memories, something we can use. â€Å"You must see that to the extent it is possible you had a crucial role in tonight’s events we must discover what that role was. â€Å"And in the meanwhile, perhaps† – she was moving as she spoke – â€Å"after the night that has passed, the light of morning will make us all feel better.† With better she pulled the blind. Daylight, filtered by proofglass but unmistakably, undeniably daylight, fell full on Con. How long after sunlight touches him before a vampire burns? The stories say immediately, but what is immediately? One second? Ten? I sat still, rigidly still, my nerves shrieking. Con, of course, looked as he always looked: neither tense nor calm. Twenty seconds. Thirty. Surely thirty seconds was longer than immediately? What is the algebra of how long one live person with an affinity can protect one vampire from the effects of sunlight as compared to one small inanimate daylight-charged pocketknife? Supposing that the person is still alive and the affinity is still functioning, the pocketknife still charged, and the fact that the vampire was presently passing for human didn’t morph the process so that Con was about to collapse in a little heap of cold ashes with no gruesome intermediate stages. Forty seconds. Fifty. Sixty. That’s good enough. I burst into tears, and Con was up off his chair at once – as immediately as the fire that hadn’t come – and kneeling beside mine, one hand on my shoulder. My blanket had fallen off. I felt my affinity yank itself from wherever it lived – somewhere around my heart apparently – and throw itself toward the shoulder he was touching. It was still there. Still live. I heard a rustle, like a sigh of leaves. Trees are impervious to dark magic. The hand that held my knife still hung by his side. It seemed to me that as a performance it wasn’t too unlikely that he’d put his hand on my shoulder, after whatever it was that we’d been through together. Maybe we were calling each other Mr. Connor and Miss Seddon, but we’d come out of whatever it was holding hands. I turned my head and stared at him, into his leaf-green eyes, into the face of the monster I had saved, and been saved by, probably too many times to count, now, any more, even by what he had called that which binds. Perhaps that was why I could feel my affinity working its way through his body, through the vessels that carried his blood, a special little squad of it racing down to his burned hand. I put both my hands – my contaminated hands – on his shoulders, and leaned my head against him, and wept and wept, and the warmth, the human-seeming warmth of his body through the tattered, filthy shirt against the palms of my hands felt the way my knife had felt: like the touch of a f riend. The healing touch of a friend. I had meant to burst into tears, to break the scene, to give Con a chance to move, and to put up his sun parasol sitting in the next chair, but it had been easy – too easy, and it was hard to stop crying, once I’d begun. It took me several minutes to get to the gulping and hiccupping stage, by which time all of Pat’s people were rushing around holding boxes of tissues and bringing damp towels to wipe my face with and brandishing fresh cups of tea. The goddess and her people hadn’t moved at all. She looked like a naturalist observing faulty ritual behavior: not at all what she had been led to believe was the norm for this species, but was therefore interesting precisely for that reason, and how could she turn it to her advantage? I didn’t like it, but I’d worry about it later. Her people stood and sat around looking stuffed. Working for the goddess didn’t encourage the acquisition of damp-towel-fetching skills. I would worry about it all later. I was getting used to the idea that I might have a later to worry about it in. Maybe. I was so tired. I had dropped my hands from Con’s shoulders to juggle tea and towels and tissues. I looked at them, my hands, going about their usual business of grasping and manipulating. I couldn’t see the green and the black any more. But I couldn’t see the gold either. I knew the seal was gone forever, and the chain – I couldn’t feel the chain against my breast any more, although the reopened wound had stopped aching. Had I heard the rustle of leaves when Con touched my shoulder? Sun-self, tree-self, deer-self. Don’t they outweigh the dark self? Not any more. I would worry about me later too. About my hands. I would ask Con†¦I hoped I would have a chance to ask Con. Because after I got him out of this daylight, our alliance was over. Con. He still knelt beside me. An ordinary man might have looked silly, doing nothing, but even as a relatively successful human-facsimile he looked so†¦unconventional? Unsomething. Silly didn’t come into it. Or maybe that was just how I saw him. It was day again, and Con was my responsibility, and we were surrounded by people who must continue to believe he was human. I looked at him. He’d dropped the yellow blanket when he left his chair. He looked better without it, even blood-mottled and with his clothes hanging off him in sodden-and-dried-stiff rags. â€Å"Pardon me, Miss Seddon, but I think I must beg you to keep my knife for me a little longer. I don’t believe any of my pockets have survived the night’s encounters.† He held it out to me, turning and opening his hand: the palm was unmarked. I felt that my affinity emergency-squad was dancing around in some little-used synapse somewhere, giving each other teeny microscopic high-fives. I put down a towel and accepted the knife, slipping it awkwardly back into the pocket it had come out of. I was careful not to look at the goddess as I did this: as if it was just a little jackknife. I wondered if vampire clothing had pockets. What would vampires keep in pockets? Handkerchiefs? House keys? Charms against being grilled (so to speak) by angry, high-ranking SOF officers? I’d managed to move my chair a little during the commotion after I burst into tears. Con was safe for the moment, in shadow. I stood up and looked at the goddess. She was taller than I was, of course. There are spells to make you appear taller than whoever you are talking to, but they are expensive, and all but the best have a nasty habit of revealing you as your real height the minute you turn your attention to someone else. I guessed the goddess was just tall. â€Å"I apologize for making a fuss,† I said, as respectfully as I could. Maybe she was so accustomed to reeking hostility from most of her colleagues and interviewees that she didn’t register it any more. Maybe she would assume I didn’t like her because she’d intimidated me successfully. Well, she had. â€Å"May we leave now, please?† I continued, holding my poisonous hands out placatingly, palms up. â€Å"I will come back whenever you like, but I’m so tired I can’t think. And I want a bath.† Several baths. And what I was wearing – the remains of what I was wearing – would so into the trash. No, the bonfire. I would start running out of clothing soon if I wasn’t careful. If I had a future it would have to include some shopping. She made gracious-cooperation noises that were about as sincere as my respectfulness, and we were allowed to leave – Con and I, and Pat and John and Theo and Kate and Mike. In the windowless hallway Con and I drifted nonchalantly apart. I was trying to remember if there were any unexpected windows around blind corners. I hadn’t been at my best when we’d come through the first time. I wasn’t at my best now, but against all odds, I was improving. How to cite Sunshine Chapter 28, Essay examples

International Law Is The Body Of Legal Rules That Apply Essays

International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been granted international personality (status acknowledged by the international community). The rules of international law are of a normative character, that is, they prescribe towards conduct, and are potentially designed for authoritative interpretation by an international judicial authority and by being capable of enforcement by the application of external sanctions. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, which succeeded the Permanent Court of International Justice after World War II. Article 92 of the charter of the United Nations states: The International Court of justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter. The commands of international law must be those that the states impose upon themselves, as states must give consent to the commands that they will follow. It is a direct expression of raison d'etat, the interests of the state, and aims to serve the state, as well as protect the state by giving its rights and duties. This is done through treaties and other consensual engagements which are legally binding. The case-law of the ICJ is an important aspect of the UN's contribution to the development of international law. It's judgements and advisory opinions permeates into the international legal community not only through its decisions as such but through the wider implications of its methodology and reasoning. The successful resolution of the border dispute between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 Frontier Dispute case illustrates the utility of judicial decision as a means of settlement in territorial disputes. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJ pursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. In December 1985, while written submissions were being prepared, hostilities broke out in the disputed area. A cease-fire was agreed, and the Chamber directed the continued observance of the cease-fire, the withdrawal of troops within twenty days, and the avoidance of actions tending to aggravate the dispute or prejudice its eventual resolution. Both Presidents publicly welcomed the judgement and indicated their intention to comply with it. In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland, 1974) the ICJ contributed to the firm establishment in law of the idea that mankind needs to conserve the living resources of the sea and must respect these resources. The Court observed: It is one of the advances in maritime international law, resulting from the intensification of fishing, that the former laissez-faire treatment of the living resources of the sea in the high seas has been replaced by a recognition of a duty to have due regard of the rights of other States and the needs of conservation for the benefit of all. Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to examine together, in the light of scientific and other available information, the measures required for the conservation and development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking into account any international agreement in force between them, such as the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as well as such other agreements as may be reached in the matter in the course of further negotiation. The Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal State's preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Court's judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries. Moreover, the Court proceeds further to recognise that the law pertaining to fisheries must accept the primacy of the requirement of conservation based on scientific data. The exercise of preferential rights of the coastal state, as well as the hisoric rights of other states dependent on the same fishing grounds, have to be subject to the overriding consideration of

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Nazi consolidation of power essays To consolidate their power over 1933 and 1934, the Nazis used a number of methods to deal with a number of situations. This essay will deal with what the Nazis actually did to consolidate their power once gaining it in January 1933 after Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor. They used legal means, terror tactics and propaganda to eliminate political opposition, suppress possibilities of forceful resistance, deal with Germany's broken economy and labour force, and promote their image and ideology within the national community. Through the use of these methods the National Socialists were able to successfully consolidate their power by the end of 1934. The Nazi's first aim once Hitler was appointed chancellor in January 1933 was to eliminate all political opposition. This would consolidate their power over government. The existing opposition was divided and weak, and believed that Hitler could be controlled. They also believed they could resist his extremist demands. For an example - Carl Bachem, a member of the Catholic Centre Party at the time, revealed in later years that the prevailing view within the party was that by supporting Hitler they could 'exercise a...sobering influence' upon the National Socialists. According to historian D.G. Williamson, 'the potential opposition to Hitler was formidable, but it was divided and crippled by fatally underestimating the dynamism of the Nazi movement.' Many parties also overestimated their influence in government. The power of the Reichstag had declined throughout the last years of Weimar and the President began to rule by decree. Or, as historian William L. Shirer puts it '(By 1932) political power... was concentrated in the hands of a senile President and in those of a few shallow, ambitious men around him. Hitler saw this clearly and it suited his purposes.' As soon as Hitler became chancellor he called for national elections to be held in March. To win these electio...

How to Give and Receive Gifts in English

How to Give and Receive Gifts in English Every culture has its own customs for gift-giving, and there are special words and phrases for such occasions in every language, including English. Whether youre new to the language or are fairly proficient, you can learn what to say when youre giving or receiving a gift in just about any situation. Formal and Informal Situations In much of the English-speaking world, it is customary to strike the right tone when giving and receiving gifts. In informal situations, such as when youre with friends or family, gift-givers and their lucky recipients can both be casual or clever. Some people like to make a big fuss when they give presents; others are very modest. The important thing is to be sincere.  Speech tends to be more conservative in formal situations such as a wedding or a workplace or when giving or receiving a gift from someone you dont know well. Phrases for Giving Gifts Here are some common informal phrases you can use when youre giving a gift to a close friend, family member, or loved one: I got you something. I hope you like it.Look what I have for you!I thought you might like this for ...Happy Birthday! [Happy Anniversary!] Heres a little gift/present for you.[Handing present to someone] Enjoy!Its only something small, but I hope you like it.Heres a little present for you.Guess what I bought you! These are a few common phrases for gift-giving in formal settings, such as a wedding or business dinner: [Name] Id like to give you this present/gift.[Name], This is a present that I/we/staff/got you.  Id like to present you with this ... [very formal, used when giving an award or special present]In the name of [xyz], Id like to give you this present.  [also very formal]Here is a token of our appreciation. Phrases for Receiving Presents A sincere thank you spoken with a smile is the only English phrase you really need when someone gives you a gift. But if you want to expand your vocabulary, youll want to know some other phrases to use in different situations: Thank you so much!Thats so kind!You shouldnt have!Thank you! Its beautiful.I love it! Ill put it on / hang it up [etc.] immediately.That is so thoughtful of you. It matches my ... perfectly!How did you know Ive always wanted a ... to go with my...?Thank you. I really needed a ...Fantastic! Ive been thinking about getting a ...This is exactly what I needed. Now, I can ...How kind of you! Ive always wanted to see ... in concert / at the movies / at an exhibition.Wow! This is a dream come true! Tickets for ...Thank you so much! Ive hoped/wanted to travel to ... for a long time. Practice Dialogues Now that you know more about what to say when you give or receive a present, youll want to practice the statements to keep your skills sharp. The following two dialogues are a good place to start. The first one is an informal setting between two people who know each other. The second dialogue is what youd hear in a formal setting like an office.   Informal Friend 1: Tammy, I need to talk to you for a moment. Friend 2: Anna, hi! Its good to see you. Friend 1: I got you something. I hope you like it. Friend 2: Im sure I will. Let me open it! Friend 1: Its only something small. Friend 2: Come on. Thank you so much! Friend 1: ... Well, what do you think? Friend 2: I love it! It matches my sweater! Friend 1: I know. Thats why I bought it. Friend 2: How did you know Ive always wanted a broach to go with this sweater? Friend 1: Im glad you like it. Friend 2: Like it? I love it! Formal Colleague 1: Your attention, your attention! Tom, could you come over here? Colleague 2: Whats this? Colleague 1: Tom, in the name of everybody here, Id like to give you this token of our appreciation. Colleague 2: Thank you, Bob. This is an honor. Colleague 1: We thought you might be able to use this at home. Colleague 2: Lets see ... let me open it. Colleague 1: The suspense is killing us. Colleague 2: Youve wrapped it up tight! ... Oh, its beautiful. Colleague 1: What do you think? Colleague 2: Thank you so much! This is exactly what I needed. Now I can get to work building that birdhouse. Colleague 1: We had a little help from your wife. She told us about your love of woodworking. Colleague 2: What a thoughtful gift. Ill put it to good use immediately. Colleague 1: Thank you, Tom, for all youve done for this company. Colleague 2: My pleasure, indeed. To Learn More Its also important to learn how to pay someone a compliment in English.  Both of these tasks require you to say thank you. This is known as a language function. Learning these important functional phrases can help you become more fluent in a wide variety of social situations.

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Final paper - Essay Example Natural law is based on the independence of supernatural considerations and natural foundations. Natural law has two perspectives: the transcendental and evolutionary. The due process was developed to ensure that individuals had their rights and freedoms portrayed and that they had a fair trial in defending themselves in the court. The crime control method, was however, implemented to ensure that weak cases were finished up easily and discarded as soon as possible; the model ensures that bigger cases, which are important, would get more attention from the courts thus an earlier conviction (Dautrich and Yalof, 2012). The due process aims to ensure that a person in any contact with a criminal agency cannot have his/her rights refused minus the appropriate applicable legal measures. The basis of this model is that a person has some fundamental rights that are needed to be upheld by a criminal agency. The model has less faith in the justice system compared to the crime control method. However, the model is useful because it controls the forcible powers of the agencies; and if there is an error or mistake, the accused can defend them. Thus, the principal aim of the model is to create a system that the accused is assumed innocent until his/her guilt is proven by the court of law (Dautrich and Yalof 2012). The crime control model condemns a person for performing an action which is perceived to be criminal. The model prioritizes the conviction of individuals who have committed a crime yet they do not want the court system to decide them. The model is focused on conviction and innocent individuals may end up being convicted for the model to achieve its goal. The model comprises of some assumptions: justification of rights for the victimized, heavy dependence on the prosecutorial events and the deduction of guilt (Kraska 2004). The crime model is a conservative

Fair Trade Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fair Trade Principles - Essay Example Scarce commodities are considered much more important than commodities available in abundance hence there is a significant difference between the prices of scarce commodities and the commodities which are available in abundance. Let us now consider the demand aspect of the price theory, the demand aspect of the price theory is driven by an important factor which is how desperately a consumer is in need of that commodity or service. If a consumer is urgently in need of the service or commodity, he/she wouldn't mind spending even double the amount of money which they would have spent in normal circumstances. So the demand aspect of the price theory is all about the desire of the consumer to have that particular commodity or service at his/her disposal. Another important aspect which is very important is the demand curve; demand curve gives a good enough indication of the will of consumers to buy the commodity or the service at that particular price. Demand curve and supply curves are studied by an organization to arrive at an equilibrium price. Equilibrium cost is the fixed cost and this changes only when the demand and supply is changed and it does not change unless the demand and supply changes. Let us now take into consideration the difference between luxury goods and necessities, the ... he level of income of an individual goes on to decide what luxury is and what is necessity For instance a rich person can stop buying bikes and as a replacement start collecting cars, this purely depends on the level of income of people. The word luxury has more meanings than one, one often mistakes luxury as a status symbol, for instance a person can buy a Nike shoe considering as a luxury knowing very little about how good the shoe is, so it depends on individuals on how they define luxury. Euro Star and its Price Theory Euro star is a high speed train which covers areas in London, Brussels and Paris. The price theory of the high speed train will be highlighted in the remaining of the paper. There are three different classes namely, the standard class, the Leisure select and the last one is Business Premier. The rates vary depending upon the class, for a journey from London to Paris it would roughly cost about 178 if one chooses to travel in Standard class, on the other hand the fare is higher if one chooses to travel by Leisure select, it would cost roughly about 325 if one chooses a two way journey from London to Paris and back. The third and the most expensive class is the Business Premier which would cost a person roughly about 328.50 for a one way journey from London to Paris. The demand factor of the price theory comes into effect here; people opt to travel by Euro star because they have the willingness to pay for the service offered by the train. This is a very essential concept in price theor y, if the people don't feel the willingness to travel by the train they will stop travelling by the train. This goes to show that the prices of the services offered by the train are quite reasonable and this is exactly why the people feel willing to travel

James H. Cones The Spirituals and the Blues Essay -- Book Report Con

James H. Cone's The Spirituals and the Blues The book, The Spirituals and the Blues, by James H. Cone, illustrates how the slave spirituals and the blues reflected the struggle for black survival under the harsh reality of slavery and segregation. The spirituals are historical songs which speak out about the rupture of black lives in a religious sense, telling us about people in a land of bondage, and what they did to stay united and somehow fight back. The blues are somewhat different from in the spirituals in that they depict the secular aspect of black life during times of oppression and the capacity to survive. James H. Cone’s portrayal of how the spirituals and the blues aided blacks through times of hardship and adversity has very few flaws and informs the reader greatly about the importance of music in the lives of African-Americans. The author aims to both examine the spirituals and blues as cultural expressions of black people and to reflect on both the theological and sociological implications of these son gs. James H. Cone was born on August 5, 1938 in Fordyce, Arkansas. He attended three small colleges, including a theological seminary, before receiving his Masters and Ph.D. from the prestigious Northwestern University. Cone is married and has two children. He has held membership to many prominent boards and organizations including the National Committee of Black Churchman (member of board of directors), American Academy of Religion, Congress of African Peoples, and Black Methodists for Church Renewal. His career includes being a professor of religion and theology at Philander Smith College, Adrian College, and Union Theological Seminary, where he now teaches. James H. Cone is now an American clergyman and author. Cone achieved his greatest acclaim in 1969 with the ground-breaking book, Black Theology and Black Power. This book attracted a great deal of attention due to its defense of the black power movement from a Christian point of view. He has since written many theological works including Risks of Faith, where he provides vital insights into American realities and the possibilities for American theology. Cone has been the Charles A. Briggs Distinguished Professor of Systematic Theology at Union Theological Seminar in New York City since 1977. Cone’s The Spirituals and the Blues is split into two distinctive section... ...t and also talks about how blues could be classified as "a secular spiritual". His points can still be easily understood by the reader, but I feel that he nontheless contradicts himself while making these statements. Overall, I thought the book was very enlightening when it came to the point of revealing the central theme and foundation of these two distinct but also similar types of songs. The spirituals were built on a steadfast belief in God, while the blues ignored God and accepted the joys and sorrows of life. Although they were somewhat different, both partake of the same black experience in the United States. The spirituals and the blues both aided blacks through times of severe hardship and suffering. It was interesting to me to find out how even through oppression, blacks who were considered "believers" and those who were considered "non-believers" remained faithful to the fact that one day, they would beat their oppressors and situation. I liked the book most when it came to the point of identifying that the spirituals and the blues are not songs of despair or defeated people, but represent one of the greatest triumphs of a peoples in the history of the world.

Human Resources – Knowledge Workers

Human Resources Management Coursework – Manjeet Singh – 7637434 The Question: â€Å"Examine the claim that the management of knowledge workers requires the development of human resource practises that are more suited to the particular characteristics of these workers and their jobs† Introduction The term â€Å"knowledge worker† was first used by Peter Drucker in â€Å"Landmarks of Tomorrow† in 1959.A knowledge worker is someone who specialises in a specific field as they possess certain knowledge which has been accrued through specific courses or experience in relevant activities, they usually have some sort of accreditation or documentation to certify that they have accrued this knowledge. They are typically well educated, and with the application of their knowledge it aids them to solve problems for an organisation and it is through problem solving that value is added for the organisation.As well as problem solving, knowledge workers are also invo lved in innovation, re-engineering, training etc. although there are certain tasks which would require knowledge workers with specific specialities. Knowledge workers are seen as a crucial asset as with application of their knowledge it can determine the success and reputation of the organisation. â€Å"The most valuable assets of a 20th-century company were its production equipment. The most valuable asset of a 21st-century institution, whether business or non-business, will be its knowledge workers and their productivity. (Drucker, 1999, P135) This quote highlights the fact that we are moving away from the traditional mentality that wealth was based on the amount of resources an organisation held in its possession, and more towards how we handle knowledge workers and attain this knowledge. Knowledge workers attract higher banded salaries, with enhanced levels of autonomy in comparison to the normal employee. As a result the turnover of Knowledge workers is typically high, because they are aware of the fact that the knowledge that they possess is of great need and importance to the organisation.In many cases the knowledge that these workers have allows the organisation to establish a competitive advantage over their rivals, which is why they are willing to pay the generous salary of these workers. If the workers are not kept happy, then it is easy for them to just move to a different organisation or hold back on the knowledge that they provide for the company. In addition, as the levels of autonomy are high this means that here is an element of self-government, and they have a high amount of freedom, for example they can work from home, this then decreases the amount of control that a firm has over a knowledge worker. Within this report I wish to discuss the different factors that would result in the need for different HR practices for knowledge workers. I will then also highlight which characteristics these workers possess that sets them apart from their co lleagues at the organisation where they work and how the characteristics affect the HR practices.As these workers are of such importance to the organisation, they try their best to keep these workers at the organisation and as their job description differs vastly in comparison to the typical employees, this highlights the need for adaptation in the HR practices that are implemented by the firm as typical employees can be replaced rather easily, through the normal recruitment procedures, however, with knowledge workers, they add value for the organisation, thus, changes would have to be made to keep them happy at the organisation, whilst performing at an acceptable level.What are the benefits a Knowledge Worker receives? The main technique where we can identify a knowledge worker is by highlighting the benefits that they receive in comparison to normal workers. According to Lowendahl (1997), these workers are offered high remuneration and substantial autonomy, this simply means that there is no one overlooking them constantly and they are highly paid in comparison to others. Knell (2000) & Pink (2002), also describe these workers as â€Å"free workers†, this would mean that for them there is a lot more choice as to what they can do.As they hold all the knowledge which is valuable, it usually means that these workers are a lot less reliant on the organisation that employs him. In addition to this, it is because these workers have access to knowledge and it is them that control it, this then enables them to control the flow of the knowledge, this would mean that they need to be kept happy in order to make sure that the flow of information is suffice and of value to the company. As a result of this, knowledge workers are also offered a lot more freedom in comparison to other workers. As described above, Knowledge workers are offered many benefits due to how aluable they are to the organisation, however, there are challenges that are then forced on HR with t he benefits that they offer to these workers. I will now describe these below and show examples of changes and alterations that have been made either for the attracting, motivating or retention of knowledge workers. HRM challenges as an effect of these Knowledge Workers As Knowledge workers are offered such attractive advantages due to the nature of their work, this impacts the normal practices that are in place by HRM. Therefore, managing these Knowledge workers can be challenging for HRM.These include: Firstly, we can look at the work organisation; this has a major impact on the motivation and productivity of the knowledge worker. If the environment and the organisation is structured in a way that the knowledge worker doesn’t like then this could have a high negative effect on the company, as they need environments where they are comfortable and more importantly a place that offers them new challenges. Another challenge is the constantly changing psychological contract, thi s is where there are unwritten obligations and expectations that are out of the written contract of the knowledge worker.The firm should not expect too much of the worker and likewise the worker should not expect too much from the firm, hence the need for contracts to get an understanding of the needs. Thirdly, if the knowledge workers have more than one employer, it is difficult to ensure that these knowledge workers stay loyal. The factor of opportunism can arise here as the knowledge worker would not take into consideration how them leaving or not being productive, can affect the company, instead they will just focus on the benefits that they can take advantage of.Due to the autonomy that is offered to these workers, monitoring the productivity and motivating the workers is difficult for the organisation. These workers also have varied desires as some of them go for the more short-term incentives, like money and freedom of work, or some tend to focus on building their career, and it is a must for them to work with well recognised clients. One of the biggest challenges that they face is the challenge of retaining these workers as turnover of these workers is significantly high in comparison to other workers.So it is critical that the HR department devise correct and well suited practices to make sure that these workers are content. The management of the knowledge is important because the knowledge is held by the workers and it is important to make sure that the flow of this knowledge is not restricted by any other factors that can be controlled or altered by the firm. The knowledge that they have also needs to be up to date as out-dated knowledge would not add maximum value for the organisation.Defining who owns the knowledge at question is also a challenge for the organisation as there are always boundaries which are often unclear and vague, they would need to know this so that they can clearly see how much knowledge the worker can dedicate to the firm. Als o as a result of the worker having the knowledge with them, there is also always the threat of them going away and setting up their own firms and as they typically work with clients directly, they could take the clients with them to their own firm.As all these challenges to HRM have been described and highlighted I believe it also reveals the need for the differentiated HR practices for these workers as they vary massively to normal workers. Different contexts and organisations The dependency between the knowledge workers and the organisation also varies largely to normal workers as the firm itself is a lot more dependent on the knowledge workers. (Swart and Kinnie, 2003) suggest that this is because of knowledge workers changing the typical trend of the firm owning all the knowledge.In addition, the work process also differs making the firm more dependent on the workers. An example of this is where the knowledge is at the core of the company so that would mean the knowledge worker would usually be the main source of this knowledge. The knowledge worker is at the centre of the business but this is collaborated with the reputation of the firm and working closely with the worker to main a strong relationship which is strategically vital in that particular type of industry.As a result of this type of relationship and strategic collaboration, this would mean that both parties involved would be highly dependent on each other as the firm would not have the knowledge they require to do business as the knowledge is with the workers but the worker would need the resources, brand reputation and the clients that the firm has. Pink (2002) describes this as â€Å"substantial interdependency† as they are both reliant on each other. The only way this dependency can be reduced is by using knowledge management and outlining boundaries and expectations from both parties.It is important to look after these workers, as if the workers leave then the value created will also leave with them. It is also difficult within this type of industry to determine how much the knowledge worker did or is needed to add value as it is tacit knowledge, which is hard to measure. Knowledge work also influences the network of the organisation as in traditional employment, there is usually a hierarchy which is implemented and all who are involved in this will adhere and follow this hierarchy (Williamson, 1975).However, with knowledge work hierarchies won’t work due to the power differences that will be incurred as a result of the hierarchy. With knowledge work it is all about being in the correct networks and building a portfolio of careers (Castells, 2000). This gives them the freedom to go out and expand their knowledge base and they can progress within their career at their own will. It is the responsibility of the organisation to provide the workers with clients that are well recognised to keep them happy and motivated, as it would challenge them more and allow them to utilise their knowledge to their maximum potential.This is very good for the knowledge worker, however it poses a threat to the firm as they can potentially, take the clients with them if they were to leave because they could have formed a strong bond due to the high level of autonomy that they are granted, thus meaning that the organisation won’t know how close they are. For this reason it is important to evaluate the level of autonomy that is offered to these workers, they would need enough to keep the workers motivated but not too much where the workers can get too close with clients and cause problems for the organisation.Another factor which highlighted by Horwitz (2003), was how the ownership of the firm (foreign or local) affects the practices and the attraction of these knowledge workers, this shows that the culture of the firm has a major impact on the motivation and attraction of these workers. â€Å"Foreign versus local ownership appears, therefore, to re flect differences in certain types of HR practices such as using headhunters and advertising media to recruit and select knowledge workers† (Horwitz, 2003).This shows us that the differing organisations from different cultures use approaches to which they think is best, and there is not a universal, â€Å"one fits all† approach which can be used globally. In addition to this they also found that â€Å"both wholly owned foreign and local firms found a fun and informal work environment more highly or fairly effective† (Horwitz, 2003), this shows us that the workers take a preference to an environment which is more informal and again changing from the conventional hierarchical approach.An example is when Horwitz (2003), describes how there are certain cultural requirements or standards within Singapore (where they did their study), for example they have large respect for the hierarchy and everybody seems to know their positions. This would affect the knowledge worke rs in the sense that if there is a major emphasis on hierarchies within the organisation, it may push them towards multi-national companies with different cultures.Also, if a firm is international, this attracts knowledge workers as it allows them to travel and experiment different cultures, whilst working for the same firm, this also builds on their experience and makes them a more valuable worker. Figure 1: Proposed schema for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers Source: Frank M. Horwitz. (2003). Finders, Keepers? Attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers. Human Resource Management Journal. 13 (4), 23-44. HR practicesFigure 1 shows a schema which proposed for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers, I believe that the elements that have been taken into consideration within the schema are critical and the schema is accurate, however, Horwitz (2003), says himself that it needs further hypotheses testing to make sure its accurate. In addi tion to this, it does not take into account anything about differing industries as for each industry, they found that different things motivated or attracted the knowledge workers, this is crucial as it again highlights that there cannot just simply be one standard approach or practice across all industries.According to Kinnear and Sutherland (2000), some researchers have found HR practices which they believe are vital for retention of knowledge workers and decrease the turnover of these workers. However, how could this be possible when there are so many factors that affect the different requirements of these workers and the HR practices required to accommodate these workers? The nature of work is exceedingly different, although there may be tensions between the two types of worker simply because, the knowledge workers are granted such high benefits and salaries.Again as per Figure 1, we can see that there is no consideration of normal workers, this implies further that these practi ces should be altered and suited for the knowledge workers. With altered practices it also shows that there is a possibility that it could affect the current employees’ chances of progression to get to the level of knowledge workers as the firm would invest so much into the recruitment of these knowledge workers, they would expect to find people that already have the knowledge and don’t require the training to work, simply just to settle in to the culture of the organisation.On the other hand, Frost (2002), goes on to also talk about how employers can distinguish between the two types of workers and thus, supports the claim that HR practices need to be different for the types of workers and this will allow them to both be happy and progress accordingly.In addition to this, Despres and Hiltrop (1995), state â€Å"traditional approaches to work remuneration and reward are no longer appropriate in a post-industrial knowledge economy† (Horwitz, 2003) this further re inforces the idea that new and fresh approaches are needed for knowledge workers and the industries need to move away from this old fashioned mentality as the industries are evolving more and more towards knowledge based organisations.A key thing that Horwitz (2003) found was that the most popular HR practices implemented by the organisations were not always the most effective, this can be questioned as the study was in Singapore, but I believe that it just simply reinforces that the culture of each country and organisation varies and thus would affect the wants and needs in HR practices from the knowledge workers. In addition to this, they say â€Å"There is increasing evidence that particular organisations are beginning to acknowledge that distinctive HR practices lead to better knowledge worker performance. (Horwitz, 2003) this again shows the link between altered practices for these workers has a positive impact on the work and the morale of the workers. The design of the job w as stated as being high important as part of the satisfaction of the knowledge workers, as if it designed correctly, then this can have a positive impact on the morale, productivity and behaviour of the knowledge worker (Thompson and Heron, 2002). This again shows the importance of different practices for these types of jobs and not to just let them have a monotonous job style like the normal employees. ConclusionIn conclusion, I agree with the initial claim that HR practices should be altered for knowledge workers. I have discovered the real sheer importance of these workers to organisations and how they add value to organisations, for this reason I believe the benefits that are afforded for them are fair and deserved and although they do require some changes which organisations are not accustomed to, for example, losing hierarchies, partnership style working, allowing them to work from home and other challenges the pose to HR, there are certain ways to attract, retain and motivate them.They also can be risky for a firm, with the ambiguity of their tasks and lack of control from the organisation, but if the firm can keep them happy and monitor in a suitable way, then the worker would be kept happy. Knowledge based companies especially should recognise the importance of tailoring HR practices for these workers, as they are what would give them the competitive advantage, they are also characterised as being innovative and this is key to any firm.Finally, I believe that these workers will shape the industry in the coming years, so firms should invest into finding the best HR practices which suit their own culture and organisations based also on their industry. References Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society: rise of the network society. Oxford, Blackwell. Despres, C. and Hiltrop, J. M. (1995), â€Å"Human resource management in the knowledge age: current practice and perspectives on the future†, Employee Relations, Vol. 17 No 1, pp. 9-23. Drucker (1999). Managing Oneself,† Management Challenges for the 21st Century. Frost, M (2002) `Managing knowledge workers’. HR Magazine, May, 47: 5, 124-126 Horwitz, F, 2003. Finders, Keepers? Attracting, Motivating and Retaining knowledge workers. Human Resource Management Journal, 13/4, 23-44. Knell, J (2000) Most Wanted: The quiet birth of the free worker. Futures reports Kinnear and Sutherland (2000) `Determinants of organisational commitment amongst knowledge workers. ’ South African Journal of Business Management, 32: 2, 106-111.Lowendahl (1997) Strategic Management of Professional Service Firms Pink, D. H. (2002). Free agent nation: the future of working for yourself. New York, Warner Books. Swart, J. & Kinnie, N. (2003) knowledge-intensive firms: the influence of the client on HR systems. HRMJ, 13 (3) 37-55 Thompson, M. and Heron, P. (2002). `The employment relationship and knowledge creation: evidence from R&D based high technology firms. ’ EURAM Conference, Stockholm (May), 1-10. Williamson, Oliver (1975), Markets and hierarchies, analysis and antitrust implications Word Count : 3,242 including references